The following is a summary of the basic approach of the self in true experience and creation of human understanding as written by
Clark E. Moustakas.
1. The individual knows himself better than anyone else.
2. Only the individual himself can develop his potentials.
3. The individual's perception of his own feelings, attitudes, and ideas is more valid than outside diagnosis can be.
4. Behaviour can best be understood from the individual's own point of view.
5. The individual responds in such ways as to be consistent with himself.
6. The individual's perception of himself determines how he will behave
7.Objects have no meaning in themselves. Individuals give meanings, reality to them. These meanings reflect the individual's background.
8. Every individual is logical in the context of his own personal experience. His point of view may seem iilogical to others when not understood.
9. As long as the individual accepts himself, he will continue to grow and develop his potentialities. When he does not accept himself, much of his energies will be used to defend rather than explore and to actualize himself.
10. Every individual wants to grow toward self-fulfillment. These growth strivings are present at all times.
11. An individual learns significantly only those things which are involved in the maintenance or enhancement of self. No one can force the individual to permanent or creative learning. He will only learn only if he wills to. Any other type of learning is temporary and inconsistent with the self and will disappear as soon as the threat is removed.
12. Concepts, ideas, symbols, and events can be denied or distorted but experience is experienced in the unique reality of the individual person and cannot be untrue to itself. If it threatens maintenance or enhancement of self, the experience will be of little relevance or consequence to the individual though it may temporarily stifle further growth.
13. We cannot teach another person directly and we cannot facilitate real learning for another person in the sense making it easier. We can make learning for another possible by providing the information, the setting, the atmosphere, materials, resources, and by being there. The learning process itself is a unique individualistic experience. It may be a difficult experience for the individual person even if it has significance for the enhancement of self.
14. Under threat the self is less open to spontaneous expression; that is, is more passive and controlled. When free from threat the self is more open, that is, free to be and to strive for actualization.
